View source for Stress Strain data-4130 Steel

Alloy steels are represented by AISI four-digit numbers. They are generally more receptive to mechanical and heat treatments as compared to the carbon steels. They are composed of varying types of steels with compositions exceeding the limitations of B, C, Mn, Mo, Ni, Si, Cr, and Va in the carbon steels. <ref name="ref1">http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=6742 </ref>

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==Introduction==

AISI 4130 alloy steel is composed of chromium and molybdenum as strengthening agents. The carbon content is low, therefore it can be wended conveniently. 4130 Steel can be machined easily using well-known methods. However, when the hardness of the steel is increased, machining becomes difficult. 4130 Steel can be welded using all commercial methods. 4130 Steel has major applications in the area of Aircraft engine mounts, welded tubing, etc. This class of steel can be case hardened by carburization of the surface. The outer surface is significantly hardened to reduce wear and tear whereas the core of the material retains its bulk properties. <ref name="ref2">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/41xx_steel </ref> Owing to this ability, this grade of steel serves as an excellent material for gears, piston pins, and crankshafts. <ref name="ref3">Central Steel & Wire Company Catalog (2006–2008 ed.), p. 246. Note: "For bar products; plate, sheet and tubing may be slightly different." </ref>

==Stress-Strain Data==
===Tensile stress-strain curves at room and elevated temperatures===
Test conditions for the tensile test are as follows:
* Test direction: longitudinal
* Sheet thickness: 1.626 mm (0.064 in)

[[File:T-ss-1.PNG|center|thumb|720px|Figure 1: 4130 chromium-molybdenum alloy sheet, tensile stress-strain curve.<ref name="ref5">ASM International. [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=087170739X "Atlas of Stress-strain Curves."]]</ref>]]

  Figure 1: <math>857^o C (1575^o F)</math>
  Oil quenched and tempered <math>538^o C (1000^o F)</math>
  Nominal strength : 1034 MPa (150 ksi)

[[File:T-ss-2.PNG|center|thumb|720px|Figure 2: 4130 chromium-molybdenum alloy sheet, tensile stress-strain curve.<ref name="ref5">ASM International. [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=087170739X "Atlas of Stress-strain Curves."]]</ref>]]

  Figure 2: <math>857^o C (1575^o F)</math>
  Oil quenched and tempered <math>538^o C (1000^o F)</math>
  Nominal strength : 1034 MPa (150 ksi)

[[File:T-ss-3.PNG|center|thumb|720px|Figure 3: 4130 chromium-molybdenum alloy sheet, tensile stress-strain curve.<ref name="ref5">ASM International. [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=087170739X "Atlas of Stress-strain Curves."]]</ref>]]

  Figure 3: <math>857^o C (1575^o F)</math>
  Oil quenched and tempered <math>399^o C (750^o F)</math>
  Nominal strength : 1379 MPa (200 ksi)

Specimens were held at room temperature for 0.5-100h.
Composition: Fe-0.3C-0.95Cr-0.2Mo. UNS G41300<ref name="ref4">J.V.Melonas and J.R.Kattus, "Determination of Tensile, Compressive, Bearing, and Shear properties of Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Structural Sheet Metals at Elevated Temperatures," WADC TR56-340,ASTIA Document No, AD 131 069, Southern Research Institute, Sept 1957.As published in Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook, Vol 1, Code 1201, CINDAS/USAF CRDA Handbooks Operation, Purdue University, 1995,p 29.</ref>

===Compressive stress-strain curves at room and elevated temperatures===
Test conditions for the tensile test are as follows:
* Test direction: longitudinal
* Sheet thickness: 1.626 mm (0.064 in)

[[File:C-ss-1.PNG|center|thumb|720px|Figure 5: 4130 chromium-molybdenum alloy sheet, Compressive stress-strain curve.<ref name="ref5">ASM International. [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=087170739X "Atlas of Stress-strain Curves."]]</ref>]]

  Figure 4: <math>857^o C (1575^o F)</math>
  Oil quenched and tempered <math>538^o C (1000^o F)</math>
  Nominal strength : 1034 MPa (150 ksi)

[[File:C-ss-2.PNG|center|thumb|720px|Figure 6: 4130 chromium-molybdenum alloy sheet, Compressive stress-strain curve.<ref name="ref5">ASM International. [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=087170739X "Atlas of Stress-strain Curves."]]</ref>]]

  Figure 5: <math>857^o C (1575^o F)</math>
  Oil quenched and tempered <math>538^o C (1000^o F)</math>
  Nominal strength : 1034 MPa (150 ksi)

[[File:C-ss-3.PNG|center|thumb|720px|Figure 7: 4130 chromium-molybdenum alloy sheet, Compressive stress-strain curve.<ref name="ref5">ASM International. [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=087170739X "Atlas of Stress-strain Curves."]]</ref>]]

  Figure 6: <math>857^o C (1575^o F)</math>
  Oil quenched and tempered <math>399^o C (750^o F)</math>
  Nominal strength : 1379 MPa (200 ksi)

Specimens were held at room temperature for 0.5-100h.
Composition: Fe-0.3C-0.95Cr-0.2Mo. UNS G41300<ref name="ref4">J.V.Melonas and J.R.Kattus, "Determination of Tensile, Compressive, Bearing, and Shear properties of Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Structural Sheet Metals at Elevated Temperatures," WADC TR56-340,ASTIA Document No, AD 131 069, Southern Research Institute, Sept 1957.As published in Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook, Vol 1, Code 1201, CINDAS/USAF CRDA Handbooks Operation, Purdue University, 1995,p 33.</ref>

===True stress-strain curves at different strain rates and temperatures===
4130 Steel is one of the alloys that has been widely used in natural gas cylinders that are manufactured through the hot deformation processes. The following curves are a result of study conducted towards this end. Hot compression tests are carried out on 4130 steel specimens at a range of temperature <math>(900-100^o C)</math>, with a strain rate range of <math>0.001-0.1s^{-1}</math> and a strain of 0.9.

[[File:s-ss-1.PNG|center|thumb|720px|Figure 7: True stress-strain curve for 4130 steel at <math>900^o C</math>.<ref name="ref6">M. Nourani, V. Sajadifar, M. Ketabchi, A.S. Milani, S. Yannacopoulos,On the Microstructural Evolution of 4130 Steel During Hot Compression, ''Recent Patents on Materials Science 2012, 5, 74-83''</ref>]]

[[File:s-ss-2.PNG|center|thumb|720px|Figure 8: True stress-strain curve for 4130 steel at <math>1000^o C</math>.<ref name="ref6"/>]]

[[File:s-ss-3.PNG|center|thumb|720px|Figure 9: True stress-strain curve for 4130 steel at <math>1100^o C</math>.<ref name="ref6"/>]]

==References==
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[[Category: ICME Class]]
[[Category: Metals]]
[[Category: Steel]]