View source for Stress-strain data for 301 SS

== Stress-Strain Curves for 301 Stainless Steel (SS) ==

Figure 1 shows stress strain data for annealed and 1/4 hard 301 SS for a tension test <ref> Steel, Allegheny Ludlum Stainless. "Type 301 (UNS Designation S30100)." Allegheny Ludlum—An Allegheny Technologies Company, Technical Data Blue Sheet, Allegheny Ludlum Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA (1998): 1-6.</ref>. 

[[File:stress-strain_1.png|center|thumb|500px|Figure 1. Tensile stress-strain curves of annealed and 1/4 hard Type 301 SS.]]


Figure 2 shows several stress-strain curves for a 301 SS sheet at various temperatures. The sheet was full hard with 40% reduction <ref>"High Strength Cold Rolled Stainless Steels," Data Sheet, Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corp., 1958. As published in ''Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook'', Vol 2, Code 1301, CINDAS/USAF CRDA Handbooks Operation, Purdue University, 1995. p 30 </ref>

[[File:stress-strain_2.png|center|thumb|500px|Figure 2. 301 SS sheet, tensile stress-strain curves at various temperatures.]]


Figure 3 shows different stress-strain curves for a 301 SS sheet under tension loading at room and low temperatures. The specimen was an extra hard cold-rolled sheet with a composition of Fe-18Cr-8Ni. <ref> L.P. Rue, J.E. Campbell, and W.F. Simmons, "The Evaluation and the Effects of Very Low Temperatures on the Properties of Aircraft and Missile Metals," WADD-TR-60254, Feb 1960. As published in ''Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook,'' Vol 2, Code 1301, CINDAS/USAF CRDA Handbooks Operation, Purdue University, 1995, p 31 </ref>

[[File:stress-strain_3.png|center|thumb|500px|Figure 3. 301 SS sheet, tensile stress-strain curves at room and low temperature.]]


Figure 4 shows a 301 SS sheet with tension loading for, left) 65% cold reduction (CR), 482 C (900 F), 2 h, air cooled and right) 65% CR 399 C (750 F) 2 h, air cooled. The composition of heat : Fe-0.11C-17.25Cr-7.00Ni-0.57Mn-0.5Si.
<ref> "Data Sheet 19-101656-301," Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, PA. As published in ''Structural Alloys Handbook, '' Vol 2, CINDAS/USAF CRDA Handbooks Operation, Purdue University, 1994, p 29 </ref>

[[File:stress-strain_4.png|center|thumb|500px|Figure 4. 301 SS sheet, elevated-temperature tensile stress-strain curves with different stress-relief annealing .]]


Figure 5 shows a 301 1/2-hard SS sheet for a variety of loading directions: longitudinal tensile (TL), longitudinal compressive (LC), transverse tensile (TT), and transverse compressive (TC). The composition is Fe-18Cr-8Ni.
<ref>Technical Blue Sheet, www.alleghenyludlum.com, Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corp., 2002, p 3 </ref>

[[File:stress-strain_5.png|center|thumb|500px|Figure 5. 301 1/2 hard SS sheet, typical tensile and compressive stress-strain curves.]]


Figure 6 shows a 301 SS annealed sheet for a compressive loading at eleveated temperatures. The composition is Fe-18Cr-8Ni. <ref> D.E. Miller, "Determination of the Tensile, Compressive and Bearing Properties of Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Structural Sheet Materials at Elevated Temperatures," AFTR No. 6517, Pt V, Armour Research Foundation, Dec 1957. As published in ''Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook,'' Vol 2, Code 1301, CINDAS/USAF CRDA Handbooks Operation, Purdue University, 1995. p 47 </ref>

[[File:stress-strain_6.png|center|thumb|500px|Figure 6. 301 annealed SS compressive stress-strain curves at elevated temperatures.]]

Figure 7 shows the engineering stress-strain curves of UFG 301 SS with various grain sizes for tension. Huang ''et al'' used the Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) technique to vary the microstructure of 301 SS. Figure 8 shows the corresponding true stress-strain curves for this experiment along with the strain hardening rate true strain curves. <ref> Huang, C. X., et al. "Mechanical behaviors of ultrafine-grained 301 austenitic stainless steel produced by Equal-Channel Angular Pressing." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 42.7 (2011): 2061-2071. </ref>

<gallery  widths="500px" heights="500px" perrow="6">
File:stress-strain_7.png| Figure 7. Tensile engineering stress-strain curves of UFG 301 SS with various grain sizes under tension.
File:stress-strain_8.png| Figure 8. True stress-strain curves (dash fine lines) and strain hard rates <math>(d\sigma/d\epsilon)</math>-true strain curves. The strain-hardening curves start with the point after yield peak and the necking points are marked by a square
</gallery>

==Fatigue Stress-Life Curves for 301 SS==
Figure 9 shows a fatigue stress-life plot for 301 SS 50% cold rolled with a mean stress of 40000 psi (276 MPa). The figure shows results for an unnotched and notched case. Both Figures 9 and 10 are for a preexposure static test.

Figure 10 shows a fatigue stress-life plot for 301 SS 50% cold rolled with a mean stress of 40000 psi (276 MPa). This S-N curve is for a fusion-weld and a spot-weld.
<ref>Illg, Walter, and Claude B. Castle. Fatigue of Four Stainless Steels and Three Titanium Alloys Before and After Exposure to 550 F (561 K) up to 8800 Hours. No. NASA-TN-D-2899. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION HAMPTON VA LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER, 1965.</ref>

<gallery  widths="500px" heights="500px" perrow="6">
File:fatigue_1.png| Figure 9. AISI 301 SS 50% cold rolled; mean stress, 40000 psi (276 MPa).
File:fatigue_2.png| Figure 10. AISI 301 SS 50% cold rolled; mean stress, 40000 psi (276 MPa).
</gallery>


Figure 11 shows a fatigue stress-life plot for 301 SS in full hard condition. This plot shows the knockdown in fatigue life due to fretting of 301 SS with AISI 52100 steel.
<ref>Hirsch, Michael Robert. "Fretting behavior of AISI 301 stainless steel sheet in full hard condition." (2008).</ref>

[[File:fatigue_3.png|center|thumb|500px|Figure 11. Knockdown in fatigue life due to fretting of 301 SS against AISI 52100 steel with a normal force of 255 N and displacement amplitude of <math> 60 \mu m</math> for <math> 10^4 </math> cycles.]]

== References ==
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[[Category:Metals]][[Category: Mechanical Properties]][[Category:Macroscale]]